Membuat Service Android - Background & Foreground

Service adalah proses yang berjalan dibelakang layar. Service tidak memiliki UI, tapi bekerja lebih ke-proses suatu pekerjaan. Untuk membuat service di Android, dulu sering dibuat menggunakan class IntentService. Namun, sayangnya class IntentService sudah di-deprecated. Tapi kita masih bisa menggunakan class Service secara manual, yang bisa digunakan menggunakan Background Service atau Foreground Service.

Background Service

Background Service digunakan untuk menjalankan Service di background, namun service ini akan mati ketika aplikasi kita dimatikan.

Cara membuatnya, yaitu buat sebuah class extends Service disini saya beri nama MyBackgroundService.java dan override method onStartCommand, dan buat Thread baru di dalam method tersebut.

package com.topekox.demoservice;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class MyBackgroundService extends Service {

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    Log.e("SERVICE", "Service is running...");
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
}

Pada class di atas kita membuat Thread di dalam service yang akan di eksekusi setiap interval 2 detik. Selanjutnya daftarkan class Service tersebut ke dalam AndroidManifest.xml:

<service android:name=".MyBackgroundService"></service>

Kode lengkap AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.topekox.demoservice">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.DemoService"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!-- Menambahkan Service -->
        <service android:name=".MyBackgroundService"></service>
    </application>

</manifest>

Panggil Service dari class Activity, contoh dipanggil dari class MainActivity:

Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyBackgroundService.class);
startService(intentService);

Gambar log ketika aplikasi dijalankan.

Service akan berhenti ketika aplikasi dimatikan.

Foreground Service

Berbeda dengan Background Service, Foreground Service akan tetap berjalan meski aplikasi dimatikan.

Cara membuatnya hampir sama dengan cara sebelumnya hanya pada bagian class MainActivity yang berbeda.

Buat class extends Service disini saya beri nama MyForegroundService.java dan override method onStartCommand, dan buat Thread baru di dalam method tersebut.

package com.topekox.demoservice;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

public class MyForegroundService extends Service {

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true) {
                    Log.e("SERVICE", "Service is running...");
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(2000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();

        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
}

Daftar service dan permission FOREGROUND_SERVICE ke AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    package="com.topekox.demoservice">
    <!-- add permission -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"></uses-permission>

    <application
        ...
        <activity
           ...
        </activity>
        <!-- register service -->
        <service android:name=".MyForegroundService"></service>
        ...
    </application>

</manifest>

Panggil service di MainActivity, cuma disini sedikit berbeda karena di versi Android yang saya jalankan, saya harus memanggil annotation @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O) untuk masalah kompatibelitas, kurang lebih method onCreate seperti di bawah ini:

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyForegroundService.class);
    
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O && intentService == null) {
        startForegroundService(intentService);
    } else {
        MainActivity.this.startService(intentService);
    }        
}

tip

Baca dokumentasi lengkap Foreground Service di sini.

Menambahkan Notifikasi

Untuk menambahkan notifikasi NotificationChannel pada method onStartCommand di class ForegroundService:

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                Log.e("SERVICE", "Service is running...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }).start();

    final String CHANNEL_ID = "Foreground Channel ID";
    NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(
            CHANNEL_ID,
            CHANNEL_ID,
            NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW);

    getSystemService(NotificationManager.class).createNotificationChannel(channel);
    Notification.Builder notification = new Notification.Builder(this, CHANNEL_ID)
            .setContentText("Service is running")
            .setContentTitle("Service Enabled")
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background);

    startForeground(1001, notification.build());

    return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}

Kita juga memberikan kondisi agar service hidup jika sebelumnya tidak hidup, tambahkan kondisi di class MainActivity:

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    if (!foregroundServiceIsRunning()) {
        Intent intentService = new Intent(this, MyForegroundService.class);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O && intentService == null) {
            startForegroundService(intentService);
        } else {
            MainActivity.this.startService(intentService);
        }
    }
}

private boolean foregroundServiceIsRunning() {
    ActivityManager activityManager =
            (ActivityManager) getSystemService(MainActivity.this.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);

    for (ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo service :
            activityManager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
        if (MyForegroundService.class.getName().equals(service.service.getClassName())) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

Gambar Notifikasi:

Service Always ON

Agar foreground service tetap berjalan walaupun Android telah direstart, buat sebuah class BroadcastReceiver untuk mengandle ini:

package com.topekox.demoservice;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED)) {
            Intent intentService = new Intent(context, MyForegroundService.class);
            context.startForegroundService(intentService);
        }
    }
}

Lalu tambahkan permission dan register intentnya di AndroidManifest.xml:

...
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"></uses-permission>
...
 <!-- register receiver -->
    <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"></action>
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
...

Maka service akan tetap berjalan walau Android telah direstart.

info

Full Source Code.